The European heat pump market is expected to reach USD 37.5 billion by 2035 from USD 18.87 billion in 2025, at a CAGR of 7.1% from 2025 to 2035.

A heat pump is an energy-efficient heating and cooling system that transfers thermal energy from a lower-temperature source, such as outdoor air, ground, or water, to a higher-temperature destination, such as indoor spaces or domestic hot water systems. Based on the principle of operation like vapor-compression or absorption cycles, heat pumps can provide both heating in winter and cooling in summer due to the possibility of reversing the refrigeration cycle. The system embodies a compressor, heat exchangers (evaporator and condenser), an expansion valve, and refrigerant, all working in relation to each other to provide effective thermal management with considerably lesser energy consumption compared to conventional fossil fuel-based heating systems.

Their ability to extract renewable thermal energy from ambient sources places them as one of the key technologies for Europe's decarbonization strategy, underpinning electrification of heating in residential buildings, facilities, and commercial and industrial processes, including district heating networks.

Key Market Highlights:

1. In 2025, Germany accounts for the largest share of the European heat pump market, driven by ambitious climate targets under the Federal Climate Change Act, generous subsidy programs through the Federal Office for Economic Affairs and Export Control (BAFA), and strong residential renovation activity.
2. France is projected to register the highest CAGR during the forecast period, fueled by government mandates phasing out fossil fuel boilers in new construction, expanded financial incentives through MaPrimeRénov', and the RE2020 building regulation favoring low-carbon heating solutions.
3. Based on product type, the air source heat pump segment holds the largest share of the market in 2025, driven by lower installation costs, simplified installation requirements, and suitability for retrofit applications in existing buildings across diverse European climates.
4. Based on technology, the compression heat pump segment dominates the market in 2025, owing to its proven reliability, wide availability of equipment, established installer base, and superior coefficient of performance (COP) for residential and light commercial applications.
5. Based on application, the residential segment is expected to witness the highest growth rate during the forecast period, driven by accelerating replacement of fossil fuel boilers, stringent building energy performance regulations, and increasing homeowner awareness of operating cost savings.
6. Based on capacity range, the <10 kW segment accounts for the largest share of the market in 2025, reflecting the dominance of single-family residential installations and the European housing stock characteristics with relatively modest heating demands compared to other global regions.
7. The commercial segment is expected to grow at a significant CAGR during the forecast period, driven by corporate sustainability commitments, EU Energy Efficiency Directive requirements for non-residential buildings, and favorable economics for medium-scale heat pump installations in offices, retail spaces, and hospitality facilities.
8. The Nordic region (Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark) demonstrates the highest heat pump penetration rates globally, with heat pumps installed in over 60% of residential buildings in Norway as of 2025.
9. Poland is emerging as a high-growth market, driven by government programs to reduce coal dependency in residential heating, EU funding for building modernization, and rapid adoption in new construction following updated building codes.
10. The UK heat pump market is experiencing robust growth in 2025, driven by policy incentives and rising installations.
     

Market Overview:

Heat pumps represent a cornerstone technology in Europe's transition toward decarbonized heating and cooling systems, addressing the critical challenge that space heating and domestic hot water account for approximately 80% of energy consumption in European buildings. Taking advantage of the thermodynamic effect of moving thermal energy rather than producing heat by combustion, heat pumps have typical energy efficiencies of 300-500%, which roughly means three to five thermal energy units provided per unit of spent electricity.

The European heat pump market has rapidly transformed from a Scandinavian niche solution to a mainstream heating technology across the continent, as converging policy pressures, technological improvements, and changing economic fundamentals come together. Strong regulatory momentum for heat pump adoption is being set up by the Fit for 55 package at the EU level, national climate legislation, and building performance standards.

The transformative trends that are defining the European heat pump market include the phase-out of fossil fuel heating, integrating renewable electricity generation, and refrigerator technologies that should mitigate environmental concerns, while development on high-temperature heat pumps is under way for industrial applications.

Key Trends Shaping the Market:

Advances in the heat pump technology with the ability to provide an outlet temperature of between 70 & 90°C are facilitating the replacement of conventional boilers in existing properties with typical radiator systems without the need for expensive retrofits of the distribution system for the low temperatures.

The combination of smart controls, weather compensation algorithms, and connectivity with home energy management systems is enabling heat pumps to evolve from being conventional heaters to smart elements of distributed energy systems. The heat pump is being developed by companies with modulating compressors, multi-zone functions, and predictive algorithms that enable optimized performance according to occupation schedules, electricity tariffs, and forecasts of renewable energy production.

Refrigerant transitions continue to be a priority area, and the sector is pressing ahead with the phasedown of high global warming potential HFCs under the F-Gas regulation in the European Union. Industry is adopting natural refrigerants like R290 (propane), R744 (CO2), and R1234yf, while working towards hybrid systems that combine heat pumps and secondary heating sources to meet peak loads in existing buildings.

The emergence of heat pump-ready buildings in new construction, featuring optimized building envelopes, low-temperature heating distribution systems, and integrated ventilation with heat recovery, is creating ideal conditions for heat pump deployment. Building codes across Europe are increasingly mandating renewable heating sources or establishing maximum carbon intensity thresholds that effectively require heat pump installations.

District heating networks are experiencing a renaissance through integration of large-scale heat pumps that recover waste heat from industrial processes, data centers, wastewater treatment plants, and other low-grade thermal sources. These fourth-generation district heating systems operate at lower distribution temperatures and achieve overall system efficiencies exceeding 400% when combined with renewable electricity generation.

Market Dynamics:

Driver: EU decarbonization policies and national phase-out of fossil fuel heating

European climate policy stands as the primary driver behind the growth of the heat pump market, driven by the European Green Deal and its legally binding European Climate Law aiming for climate neutrality by 2050, alongside at least a 55% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 relative to 1990 levels. The REPowerEU plan, launched in 2022 amid urgent energy security needs following Russia's invasion of Ukraine, set an ambitious target to install 10 million additional heat pumps by 2027, replacing fossil gas heating and accelerating the shift to renewables. These initiatives, backed by funding and directives like the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive, continue fueling robust market growth despite short-term sales fluctuations.

Driver: Energy Cost Economics and Rising Fossil Fuel Prices

Rising energy costs and shifting price dynamics have made heat pumps an increasingly smart economic choice across Europe. Natural gas prices remain high and unpredictable since the 2022 crisis, while electricity costs are dropping in real terms due to booming renewable capacity, meaning heat pumps with typical SPFs of 3.0-4.5 now deliver heating at 40-60% lower running costs than oil or gas boilers in most markets. On top of that, generous subsidies sweeten the deal: Germany's BAFA program covers up to 30% of installation costs; France's MaPrimeRénov' offers €4,000-€9,000 depending on income; Italy's Superbonus provides 65-110% tax credits for efficiency upgrades including heat pumps; and the UK's Boiler Upgrade Scheme grants £7,500. These incentives bring payback periods down to 5-8 years for typical homes

Opportunity: Integration into Renewable Electricity and Grid Services

Large-scale variable renewable electricity generation creates tremendous opportunities for heat pumps to offer demand-side flexibility and grid balancing services. Heat pumps fitted with thermal storage will be able to shift their electricity consumption to moments in time when renewable generation is high and electricity prices are low, thereby creating value for both consumers and system operators. Business models under development include dynamic electricity tariffs that reward flexible consumption, aggregation platforms that pool heat pump capacity for the provision of frequency regulation and demand response services, and virtual power plant concepts that coordinate distributed heat pump systems. A German national regulation, "§14a EnWG", provides a framework under which controllable consumption devices like heat pumps receive reduced network charges against the provision of grid flexibility. These units are poised for critical enabling of further renewable energy integration, especially given the ambitious European targets of 500 GW in solar and 480 GW in wind by 2030, which would need substantial amounts of flexible demand.

Opportunity: Industrial Process Heat Applications and Decarbonization

Heat pumps in industry currently represent a largely unfulfilled market opportunity, as approximately 70% of industrial energy in Europe is thermal and predominantly sourced from fossil fuel combustion. Recent technological advances have overcome historical temperature limitations, enabling high-temperature (HT) heat pumps to supply process heat up to 160°C, suitable for applications in food and beverage processing, paper and pulp manufacturing, chemical production, textile processing, and district heating. The EU's Innovation Fund, featuring recent grants and a €1 billion pilot Heat Auction launched in late 2025, and national programs like Germany's Federal Funding for Energy and Resource Efficiency in Industry (FEW) have significantly supported industrial heat pump installations. HT heat pumps can reduce carbon emissions by 70-90% compared to natural gas boilers and deliver energy cost savings of 30-50% when integrated with waste heat recovery systems.

Segment Analysis:

By Product Type:

The air source heat pump market holds the largest share of the European heat pump market in 2025. Air-to-water heat pumps account for a large share of the installations in the residential segment because of their lower capital expense and simpler installation. Advances in technology have overcome the limitations related to operating temperatures, and modern air source heat pumps can now operate effectively even below -25°C, making them suitable for the European climate.

Ground Source Heat Pump market is estimated to grow at a significant rate over the forecast period, especially in New Building applications where ground loops can be incorporated during land preparation work. Ground Source Heat Pumps have better Seasonal Performance Factors of 4.0 – 5.0 than their Air Source counterparts and do not produce noise during their operations. These make them ideal for upmarket residential and commercial applications where sufficient land is available.

By Technology:

The compression heat pump segment commands the largest share of the market in 2025. Vapor compression systems benefit from mature technology, extensive product availability across all capacity ranges, competitive pricing driven by manufacturing scale, and established installer expertise. Inverter-driven variable-speed compressors dominate the European market, offering superior part-load efficiency, reduced noise levels, and wider operating envelopes compared to fixed-speed alternatives.

However, the absorption heat pump segment shows strong growth potential in specific applications, mainly large commercial and industrial installations where waste heat or natural gas is available as a driving energy source.

By Application:

The residential segment is expected to witness the highest growth rate during the forecast period, driven by the large existing building stock requiring heating system replacement, strengthening building regulations for renovations, and improving awareness among homeowners of total cost of ownership advantages.

The commercial segment also demonstrates strong growth, mainly in office buildings, retail facilities, hotels, and healthcare institutions where corporate sustainability targets, building certification requirements (BREEAM, LEED), and tenant expectations for comfortable indoor environments drive investment in efficient HVAC systems.

By Capacity Range:

The <10 kW segment accounts for the largest share of the market in 2025, primarily serving single-family residential applications. This capacity range aligns with typical heating requirements for well-insulated European homes (80-150 m²), particularly in new buildings constructed to recent energy performance standards. The dominance of this segment reflects the large installed base of single-family homes and the ongoing renovation wave driven by energy efficiency regulations.

However, the 10-50 kW segment is expected to witness strong growth through 2035, serving larger residential properties, multi-family buildings, and small commercial applications. This capacity range is increasingly adopted in retrofit projects where multiple dwelling units transition from individual gas heating to centralized heat pump systems with individual metering.

Regional Insights:

In 2025, Germany commands the largest share of the European heat pump market, in terms of revenue. This is mainly attributed to the Energiewende (energy transition) policy framework, which includes the Federal Climate Change Act mandating climate neutrality by 2045, the Building Energy Act (GEG) requiring 65% renewable heating in new construction, and generous financial support through BAFA grants covering 25-40% of installation costs. Germany's strong manufacturing base, including major heat pump producers and component suppliers, supports market development through technological innovation and competitive pricing.

France heat pumps market is expected to grow significantly through 2035. Under the accelerated renewable heat strategy, the government prioritizes rapid scaling of installations through ongoing subsidies and incentives, building on strong 2024 performance and 2025 growth trends. The RE2020 building regulation, implemented in 2022, establishes stringent carbon intensity thresholds for new buildings that strongly favor heat pump or biomass heating solutions while allowing compliant low-emission alternatives.

The Nordic countries (Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark) lead Europe in heat pump penetration rates, with installed stock reaching 400-630 units per 1,000 households as of 2025. Sweden leads globally in per-capita heat pump installations, primarily driven by decades of policy support, reliable hydroelectric and nuclear electricity, and established technology use. Norway shows the highest European sales per 1,000 households and near-universal adoption in new builds, driven by renewable electricity, fossil boiler bans, and environmental priorities.

Key Players:

The major players in the European heat pump market include Viessmann Climate Solutions (Germany), Bosch Thermotechnology (Germany), Vaillant Group (Germany), Daikin Europe N.V. (Belgium), NIBE Industrier AB (Sweden), Mitsubishi Electric Europe B.V. (Netherlands), Stiebel Eltron GmbH & Co. KG (Germany), Carrier Global Corporation (U.S./Europe operations), Glen Dimplex Group (Ireland), Panasonic Heating & Cooling Solutions (Japan/Europe), Viessman Manufacturing Company (Germany), Alpha-InnoTec GmbH (Germany), Ochsner Wärmepumpen GmbH (Austria), Thermia Heat Pumps (Sweden), NIBE Energy Systems (Sweden), Buderus (Bosch Group) (Germany), Daikin Altherma (Belgium), Hitachi Cooling & Heating (Netherlands), LG Electronics HVAC (South Korea/Europe), Samsung Climate Solutions (South Korea/Europe), Toshiba Carrier Corporation (Europe operations), Midea Group (China/Europe), BDR Thermea Group (Netherlands), Ariston Group (Italy), Viessmann Manufacturing Company Inc., Waterkotte GmbH (Germany), IDM Energiesysteme GmbH (Austria), Weishaupt Group (Germany), Wolf GmbH (Germany), and Heliotherm Wärmepumpentechnik GmbH (Austria), among others.